The Prince: Chapters 1-8
The Prince by Niccolo Machiavelli starts off with a description of the differences between principalities and republics. The principalities are connect to existing states. Machiavelli goes on to say that it is actually easier to govern a hereditary state than a new principality. This is because of the fact that the people have been ruled by a family and therefore are aware of how they use they're power, as well as the fact that the people love their rulers. Machiavelli then explains how the princes fight to gain control of the other's land. Also, the people can be easily swayed by a newcomer and because of this they would most often revolt. Machiavelli explains how to actually govern a principality. He suggests having ministers that help govern and who answer to the prince. They are simply his eyes and ears. According to Machiavelli it is much harder to take over a state that is run by the prince and ministers than by nobles, however it is quite hard to hold control of the noble run state. Machiavelli then explains how to hold a state that is used to living by their own laws. The first way is to completely devastate them and break their spirit. The second is to completely occupy them and therefore suppress any revolts. The third way is to allow them to continue living by their own laws, however charge taxes. In the sixth chapter Machiavelli states the belief that rulers should mirror their time ruling a country after other very successful and well respected rulers from the past. Also, Machiavelli states that rulers should depend on themselves and their natural abilities more than fortune and luck. Machiavelli then goes on to explain that a solid basis is the key to having a completely solid rule. He then explains that people can become princes by buying their way into power, crime and betrayal. However, if you become a prince by crime and betrayal you can have power but not glory. Most importantly, however, a prince must be consistent in how he treats his subjects, whether to inflict a top amount of pain and destruction or a minimum.